Microbial bioindicators are organisms used to monitor environmental quality and changes in ecosystems. These indicators are typically bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms that respond to changes in environmental conditions, such as pollution, nutrient availability, or habitat disturbances. By studying the abundance and diversity of these microbial communities, researchers can gain valuable insights into the health and functioning of an ecosystem. Microbial bioindicators are increasingly being used in environmental monitoring and assessment to identify and mitigate potential risks to ecosystems and human health.